Middle Ages and the Inquisition.
Inquisition The term refers to several institutions devoted to the suppression of heresy within the Catholic Church. The Inquisition medieval, from which all others derive, was founded in 1184 Area Languedoc (southern France) to combat the heresy of the Cathars, or Albigenses, in 1249, was also introduced in the Kingdom of Aragon (it was the first Inquisition state) and that in the modern age, with the union of Aragon and Castile, was extended to it by the name of the English Inquisition (1478 - 1821), under direct control of the English monarchy, whose scope action was later extended to America, the Portuguese Inquisition (1536 - 1821) and the Roman Inquisition (1542 - 1965).
In Spain, during the lasting three centuries especially, practically most of the cases undergo the process of the local Inquisition regulated and documented. Although it would be the last country to abandon the cruel figure of the Inquisition, and had long since executed to death for alleged witches runs the last in 1611, the Catalan teenager Magdalena Duer. The latest cases are in one of the Swiss cantons in Glarus Anne Goldin, 1782 (the last execution in Western Europe) or in Poland in 1793.
also in the English case, unlike other European countries like Germany and Britain, the witch trials of the Inquisition trials were legal process, documented and organized by the state if all countries used torture as a normal environment. The most common penalty was the abjuration de levi, with six-year exile from the city where he lived, the acquittal was frequent. Significant was the assumption that the alleged witches were drinking wine and were sick of drowsiness. With the confession of the witch, the Inquisition warned: it is not appropriate
in these cases only the way of being witches and do such damage, if not testify haverlos been doing some damage because many times what they say they have seen and done I succeded in dreams and judge were found in body and saw it and they did that and I figure testiffican the devil phantasies bodies of those who say they saw without having seen or were there to do such damage to ignite at risk who are not blameless. Julio Caro Baroja says in "Lord Inquisitor and other lives by trade":
The inquisitors were more humanistic jurists and theologians. The case more or less secret that they could study was large, about as big as the skepticism of many of them used to seeing frauds and scams hechiceriles number of events. In the seventeenth century the English, on the other hand, did not have much fame as magicians and sorcerers. Someone said, with a clear animosity towards the country- the devil did not trust its people. Figures
Some figures on executions by civil courts (estimated) and inquisitorial found, executed by proportionality in relation to population. Includes Protestant countries (Denmark, Norway, United Kingdom and parts of Germany and Switzerland): Switzerland
: 4,000 people executed a total of one million people , Poland-Lithuania: some 10,000 , in a population of 3,400,000, United Kingdom, thousands of executed . Also stress that existed in this country Protestant figure of punching that are devoted to "hunt" and execute a witch profit. Germany, where more people are executed, for a total of 25,000 16 million people, 1350 Denmark-Norway of 970,000 people, Spain only 59 witches (of about 125,000 processes carried by the Inquisition) Italy 36, Portugal only 4. In total, the majority of witch hunts occurred in northern Europe, with more than 50,000 executions and in most cases by civil courts. The vast majority of those executed for witchcraft were women. That is, an approximate total of 54000 persons, taking into account the execution of witches, and without taking into account those killed in the "holy war" or crossed.
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